The Cherokee Nation and other Indian connections with the Watts Family Foundation is documented through the European Colonial Settlers of the Watts Family for the Sommerset Area of England in Virginia and other colonies during the 1600s, 1700s and 1800s. This is the same family that had interracial realations with African and Native American families. Moreove, this is the same family that the Tidewater, Virginia Watts Family are a part of. During the 1700's this Watts family had marriages with Cherokee Native American Women who produced a mixed blood (European/Native American Cherokee Family Line). Even more in this same line there was found to be also a (Cherokee / Chickasaw European/African/Native American Family Line). Below you will find part of the DAWES ROLLS and below that you will the NATIONAL ARCHIVES CATALOG link. Search the Dawes Rolls, 1898–1914
National Archives Catalog The Cherokee in Virginiahttp://www.virginiaplaces.org/nativeamerican/cherokee.html The Cherokee nation speaks an Iroquoian language. It is related to the languages spoken by the Nottoway, Meherrin, and Tuscarora in Tidewater south of the James River, the Susquehannock at the northern edge of the Chesapeake Bay, and the Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, Cayuga, Seneca in New York. The original speakers may have migrated into the Southern Appalachians after the Moundbuilder culture in the Mississippi River faded in the 1300's and 1400's. Moundbuilding societies constructed mounds as gravesites for ceremonial burials, with houses on top for the elite. The Cherokee continued to erect ceremonial houses on top of mounds that had been built earlier. Debris from those houses increased the height of the old mounds, but the Cherokee culture was not centered on the construction of *new* mounds. Moundbuilding in Virginia was concentrated west of the Blue Ridge, except near the headwaters of the Rivanna River. One mound built along the Rivanna River east of the Blue Ridge was excavated by Thomas Jefferson. Reports of Native Americans visiting the mounds When the English arrived in Virginia, the Cherokee lived in the upper Tennessee River tributaries of what later became Virginia. In the Carolinas and Georgia, there were Cherokee towns along the Savannah, Chattahoochee, Hiwassee, Little Tennessee, and Tennessee rivers. In later negotiations with colonial officials, the Cherokee claimed control over lands in Kentucky extending north to the Ohio River. They may have hunted through the bluegrass valleys in the Kentucky and Cumberland River watersheds, crossing through the mountains at Cumberland Gap long before English explorers "discovered" it, but the Cherokee had few if any towns west of the Allegheny Front. The disruption of the old culture and the development of new polities in the Southeastern US may have been affected by the 1540 expedition of Hernando de Soto through the Tennessee River watershed. The arrival of the unexpected Spaniards, with technology and beliefs far different from the Moundbuilders and the power to threaten the existing hierarchy of control, could have diminished the authority of religious leaders in particular. New diseases brought by de Soto and his herds of pigs may have helped to alter the alignments of different communities living along the mountain streams. Because there were no Cherokee communities on the Atlantic Coast when Spanish colonists first began settling there in 1526, followed by French and English colonists, other Native American tribes discovered first that the colonists were willing to trade iron tools, guns, and textiles. In exchange, the Native Americans offered food,deer hides, and other Native Americans to be enslaved. The colonist-provided manufactured goods substantially improved the quality of life for people previously limited to stone/bone tools, and to production of clothing that required great amounts of time and effort. The English, like the Spanish, were disappointed to learn there were no accumulated hoards of gold and silver to steal, but the traders found opportunities to acquire slaves and animal skins. The coastal tribes traded European goods with inland tribes for the desired furs, and the coastal tribes acquired slaves as well for trade. Initially, the Cherokee obtained trade goods though intermediary tribes and not through direct trade. After traders based in Charles Town started direct trade with the Cherokee, they classified the Cherokee towns by location. The Lower Towns were in the Savannah River headwaters. The Middle, Valley, and Out towns were in the Blue Ridge along the Tuckasegee, Little Tennessee River, and Hiwasee rivers. The Overhill Towns were further down the Little Tennessee River. Other Cherokee communities stretched north up the Tennessee and Holston Rivers into what is now Virginia. Towns were independent of each other; there was no paramount chief. Warriors regularly assembled from multiple towns to raid the Creek and Choctaw to the south, Chickasaw to the west, Sara to the east, and Shawnee and Iroquois to the north. Several warrior paths developed as Shawnee and Iroquois returned to attack Cherokee towns. Siouan-speaking occupants of towns in the valleys west of the Blue Ridge, perhaps related to the Tutelo and Saponi, moved away to avoid the warring bands. The valleys were depopulated before the English, Scotch-Irish, and German immigrants arrived in the 1700's. In 1673, Abraham Wood sent James Needham and Gabriel Arthur from Fort Henry and the first traders from Virginia reached the Overhill Town of Chota. Gabriel Arthur survived the trip and captivity, finally returning several years later with some Cherokee. In 1690, Cornelius Dougherty came from Virginia and stayed with the Cherokee as a trader. Ultimately traders adopted the Occaneechi Path to link the English in Virginia with various Cherokee towns in the Tennessee River watershed. The Catawba map, marked on deerskins and provided to Gov. Francis Nicholson of South Carolina around 1721, suggests the Cherokee traded directly with Charles Town and with few intermediaries on the route to Virginia.1 Historic Tourism Related to Native AmericansNative American Tribes in Virginia Since ContactThe Quest of the Appalachian Cherokee Nation for State Recognition
Links
References1. "Celebrating Native American Cartography: The Catawba Deerskin Map," Library of Congress, November 30, 2016, https://blogs.loc.gov/maps/2016/11/celebrating-native-american-cartography-the-catawba-deerskin-map/ (last checked July 8, 2017)
Exploring Land, Settling Frontiers Virginia Places A RACE OR A NATION? CHEROKEE NATIONAL IDENTITY AND THE STATUS OF FREEDMEN'S DESCENDANTS . Alan Ray* A Race or a Nation_ Cherokee National Identity and the Status of.pdf
|
Research is still being conducted on John Watts who was born about 1720's in, some researchers say Scotland, some say Bowling Green, VA. We know that he died between October 20, 1770 and March 4, 1771. He worked October 13 - 20, 1770 for a meeting between principal Cherokee Chiefs and John Stuart about a boundary line with Virginia. (Gage Papers #5317 137:10). In a letter dated April 29, 1771 from Alexander Cameron to John Stuart about a March 4, 1771 meeting, it mentioned that John Watts was deceased!! (Gage Papers #5295 102).
John Watts was first hired by Christian Quest, grandfather of Sequoia, to work for the Virginia Land Company. He was known as a Virginia Trader; they worked out of Charleston, S.C. Researcher Robert D. Epps (see Watts Genforum Message Board, #2001, http://genforum.genealogy.com/watts), says “In 1754 a John Watts married a Joppe Stuart in Charleston, S.C. John and Charles Stuart were British Indian agents into the Cherokee Nation. John Watts worked as an interpreter for them. Most likely there is a Town Family, as well as the Native American Family.” Could this be true???
John Watts entered the original Cherokee county about the middle of the 18th century (prior to 1750). As an interpreter, he accompanied Ammonscossitte, Young Emperor of the Cherokees, on a trip from Tellico in Tennessee to Williamsburg, Virginia in 1752. (See, “The CHEROKEE FRONTIER: CONFLICT AND SURVIVAL”, by David Corkran, page 437). He also served Captain Raymond Demere as interpreter during the building of British Fort Loudon in 1756-1757. During this time, he was accused of stirring up trouble between the Cherokees and the white settlers. In a letter from Littleton to Demere, Littleton says, “I’m well convinced that this talk proceeded from something that was told the Indians by John Elliot and John Watts. Watts speaks their language well. Elliott and Watts are a couple of dangerous people.” (Old Frontiers by J. P. Brown).
As stated in “Diplomacy and the Indian Gifts” by Wilbur Jacobs, John Watts was in New York December 2 - 17, 1755 with Thomas Pownall, Olivery Delancy, Goldbrow Banyar, Daniel Claus and Peter Wraxall to plan the downfall of Sir William Shirle. One of John’s sons, Garrett Watts, was born on January 8, 1756 in Caroline County, VA. It doesn’t seem possible that John would have made it back for the birthing. (As noted by Betty Watts, whose husband Noel E. Watts is a 4th great grandson of Garrett.)
From the book, “John Stuart and the Southern Colonial Frontier”, by John Richard Alden, we find that in 1757, John Watts was a supervisor of parties of Cherokees and Catawabas coming into Virginia, along with Richard Smith and Thomas Rutherford, all of whom were given the titles of “Conductors and Guides”. The book also mentions that in 1761, John Watts escorted Tistoe of Keowee, and Slavecatcher of Tomotley back to Ouconnostotah. John at the time was Captain in the Provincial Rangers.
In 1763, John Watts acted as interpreter at the treaty of Augusta, as mentioned in “Tennesse during the Revolutionary War”, by Samuel Cole Williams. In 1767, John Watts accompanied Attokullalulla and Ouconnastotoah and their children, as mentor and interpreter, to Charleston. Stuart permitted only eight persons to go.
See “Who Was Among the Southern Indians, a Genealogical Notebook”, 1698-1907, by Don Martini: Page 691: Watts, John - Cherokee Trader, lived at Ninety-Six, South Carolina in 1751. He was a British interpreter for the Cherokees at Fort Loudoun (S.C.) in 1758 and at Augusta in 1763, and continued to fill that position at the 1770 treaty negotiations. He died early in 1771, and was replaced by John Vann. Married to a sister of Doublehead, he was the father of Chief John Watts.
There is a lot of speculation as to the actual wife of John Watts. Some say she is the daughter of Chief Atakullakulla and some say she is the daughter of Chief Great Eagle. J. P. Brown, in his book “Old Frontiers”, says that John Watts married the sister of Chiefs Old Tassel, Doublehead, and Pumpkin Boy. Their other sister was Wurteh (mother of Sequoah). I have seen her name as: Xaiyantshee, Onitositah, Kay-i-o, GHI-GO-NE-II, etc. Research will continue.
I have nine children listed on my Descendants List for John and his wife (as taken from various sources). They are noted as #2 and their children are noted as #3.
The following quotation from a petition by Garret Watts (son of John) for a Revolutionary War Pension was posted on the Watts Genforum Board (http://genforum.genealogy.com/watts), message #929:
“I was born on the 08 day of January, 1756 in Caroline County in Virginia. At the age of 12, moved to North Carolina where I entered the service of the U.S. My age is recorded in my father’s bible which is in possession of some of his descendants I know not. When I was first called, I lived in Casswell County, North Carolina. After the war, I moved to Jefferson City, Georgia, then to Perry City in the State of Alabama where I now live.”
CHIEF JOHN WATTS:
FROM "WHO WAS WHO AMONG THE SOUTHERN INDIANS, A GENEALOGICAL NOTEBOOK", 1698-1907 by Don Martini: Watts, John - Cherokee Chief, was born in 1753, the son of Trader John Watts. Also known as Kettiegesta, he was for many years a leading chief of the warlike Chickamauga faction of Cherokees that waged war on the American Frontier. He fought against John Sevier at Boyd's Creek in 1780. Two years later, he served as a guide for Sevier, but he led the General's troops from the Chickamauga towns. In May, 1792, he was described as a "bold, sensible, and friendly half breed" and as a "stout, bold and enterprising man". Despite all the compliments by the Americans, he continued to wage war on the frontier. He was severely wounded in a raid on Buchanan's Station, near Nashville, on September 30, 1792. While recuperating, he met with Governor William Blount of the Southwest Territory at Henry's Station, near Long Island on the Holston, in April, 1793. After his daughter was killed by whites on June 16, 1793, he again went on the warpath. In September, 1793, he, Doublehead, and James Vann led 1000 warriors toward Knoxville, only to abort the raid. He is said to have joined Chief Bowl and others in the attack on whites at Muscle Shoals in June, 1794. In November, 1794, following Major James Ore's successful invasion of the Chickamauga towns, Watts and other Cherokees sued for peace. In December 1796, he visited President Washington in Philadelphia, and in October, 1800, he met with Moravian missionaries at Spring Place. He signed the treaty of 1805. Once described as the greatest ballplayer in the Cherokee Nation, he died either on the Mississippi River about 1805 or at Willstown (AL), with burial there. He was a brother to Unacata and to a Cherokee killed at Boyd's Creek, and was the father of John Watts, Big Rattlinggourd, and perhaps Hard Mush (Gatunuali).
From page 353 of Old Frontiers, by J. P. Brown: “Chief John Watts was described by Governor Blount as “unquestionably the leading man in his Nation.” He possessed a talent for making friends, red and white. William Martin, son of General Joseph Martin, said of him, “He was one of the finest looking men I ever saw, large of stature, bold and magnanimous, a great friend of my father’s.” Major G. W. Sevier states: “He was a noble looking Indian, always considered a generous and honorable enemy,” and other pioneers paid high tribute to his “engaging personality.”
It is said that Chief John was married at least two or three times. I have seen several names that could be his wives but must research this further. See his list of children (as gathered from the Internet) on the Descendant list.